Geographical trends for automatic milking systems research in non-pasture-based dairy farms: A scoping review

Automatic milking system (AMS) adoption in the United States is trending upward, with issues such as lower availability and increased cost of labor being factors frequently listed motives for AMS implementation. In addition, more interest precision dairy farming by new generation farmers may also help increase adoption. The objective this scoping review was to characterize nature literature investigating non-pasture-based opportunities challenges future research. eligibility criteria included studies published or after year 2000, full text English, at least 500 words, examining various outcomes related farms. Six electronic databases were searched: Biosis (Web Science), CAB Abstracts (CAB Direct), Medline (PubMed), PubAg, AGRIS (FAO), Scopus (Elsevier). focused on objectives, characteristics, farms, information. A total 4,292 titles abstracts screened, 536 finally included. Most conducted Europe (73.5%), among commercial herds (67.9%), comprising Holstein cows (57.7%), using Lely DeLaval brands (45.4% vs. 39.7%), free-flow traffic (52.7%). main research topics investigated milk production, composition, efficiency, followed behavior welfare, health disorders (especially mastitis), nutrition other regions. At same time, States, trends similar, except nutrition. Since 2016 there has been an energy water consumption, technological development, environment (enteric emissions), reproduction, genetics, longevity culling. However, small number unclear characterization what optimum reproductive management, disorders, economics, consumption suggest a need